Does the e-stimulation hurt my dog?

The stimulation from the collar seems painful to me. Does it hurt my dog?

SkyShepherd does not harm your dog. For a number of reasons, dogs sense tactile stimuli differently than humans.  SkyShepherd developers took all of these factors into consideration when optimizing the level of feedback necessary to guide dogs using e-stimuli. SkyShepherd's patented contact grid allows for very low levels of power to be used and still be effective.  Also, consider that SkyShepherd uses patented Shepherding guidance methodology, which always seeks to guide your dog back with as little feedback as necessary. Sometimes dogs' excitement/adrenaline is high, and lower level feedback doesn't register with it. In all cases, Shepherding dynamically provides the correct amount of feedback for the moment, without harming your dog.